The Back to Africa Movement
Started in 1815
- An initiative to relocate freed slaves to land below the Saharan Desert
- Created by the American Colonization Society (ACS)
- Received funding from southern slave owners and federal grants to buy land in West Africa
- Around 15,000 African Americans relocated between 1815 and 1848
Mary Prince
Autobiography published in 1831
- First Black woman to publish an autobiography of her experience as a slave
- Escaped slavery in 1828 and after immigrating to England, decided to write and publish her autobiography, “The History of Mary Prince,” with help from writer Susanna Strickland
- The book was published in 1831 and helped promote abolitionism
The Harlem Renaissance
Started in the 1920s
- Cultural movement during the 1920s and 30s in Harlem, NY
- Created foundations for the Civil Rights Movement by empowering African Americans
- Popular jazz style called the Harlem Stride was invented during this time
- Duke Ellington and Langston Hughes were influential artists during the movement
Ralph Buche
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950
- African American political scientist
- Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950 for his mediation in the Arab-Israeli conflict
- Made significant contributions to the de-colonization movement
- Leading figure in the Civil Rights Movement
- Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President John F. Kennedy
Ella Baker
Influential woman during the 1960s Civil Rights Movement
- Influential leader in her community
- Was a part of the Young Negros Cooperative League and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
- Co-founded In-Friendship with Stanley Levison and Bayard Rustin
- Helped organize the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) with Martin Luther King Jr.
The Black Panther Party
Founded in 1966
- Black power political and militant organization meant to aid and protect Black communities that was based in Oakland, CA
- Founded by two young political activists, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
- The party helped start community service programs around transportation, food, and clothing.
Trevor McDonald
Journalist since 1973
- Black power political and militant organization meant to aid and protect Black communities that was based in Oakland, CA
- Founded by two young political activists, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
- The party helped start community service programs around transportation, food, and clothing.
Dr. Patricia E. Bath
Invented Laserphaco Probe in 1981
- American ophthalmologist and laser scientist
- Invented the Laserphaco Probe in 1981, which created a less painful method of removing cataracts from patients
- Received a patent for the Laserphaco probe and in turn became the first African-American female doctor to hold a medical patent.
